PNG  IHDRX cHRMz&u0`:pQ<bKGD pHYsodtIME MeqIDATxw]Wug^Qd˶ 6`!N:!@xI~)%7%@Bh&`lnjVF29gΨ4E$|>cɚ{gk= %,a KX%,a KX%,a KX%,a KX%,a KX%,a KX%, b` ǟzeאfp]<!SJmɤY޲ڿ,%c ~ع9VH.!Ͳz&QynֺTkRR.BLHi٪:l;@(!MԴ=žI,:o&N'Kù\vRmJ雵֫AWic H@" !: Cé||]k-Ha oݜ:y F())u]aG7*JV@J415p=sZH!=!DRʯvɱh~V\}v/GKY$n]"X"}t@ xS76^[bw4dsce)2dU0 CkMa-U5tvLƀ~mlMwfGE/-]7XAƟ`׮g ewxwC4\[~7@O-Q( a*XGƒ{ ՟}$_y3tĐƤatgvێi|K=uVyrŲlLӪuܿzwk$m87k( `múcE)"@rK( z4$D; 2kW=Xb$V[Ru819קR~qloѱDyįݎ*mxw]y5e4K@ЃI0A D@"BDk_)N\8͜9dz"fK0zɿvM /.:2O{ Nb=M=7>??Zuo32 DLD@D| &+֎C #B8ַ`bOb $D#ͮҪtx]%`ES`Ru[=¾!@Od37LJ0!OIR4m]GZRJu$‡c=%~s@6SKy?CeIh:[vR@Lh | (BhAMy=݃  G"'wzn޺~8ԽSh ~T*A:xR[ܹ?X[uKL_=fDȊ؂p0}7=D$Ekq!/t.*2ʼnDbŞ}DijYaȲ(""6HA;:LzxQ‘(SQQ}*PL*fc\s `/d'QXW, e`#kPGZuŞuO{{wm[&NBTiiI0bukcA9<4@SӊH*؎4U/'2U5.(9JuDfrޱtycU%j(:RUbArLֺN)udA':uGQN"-"Is.*+k@ `Ojs@yU/ H:l;@yyTn}_yw!VkRJ4P)~y#)r,D =ě"Q]ci'%HI4ZL0"MJy 8A{ aN<8D"1#IJi >XjX֔#@>-{vN!8tRݻ^)N_╗FJEk]CT՟ YP:_|H1@ CBk]yKYp|og?*dGvzنzӴzjֺNkC~AbZƷ`.H)=!QͷVTT(| u78y֮}|[8-Vjp%2JPk[}ԉaH8Wpqhwr:vWª<}l77_~{s۴V+RCģ%WRZ\AqHifɤL36: #F:p]Bq/z{0CU6ݳEv_^k7'>sq*+kH%a`0ԣisqにtү04gVgW΂iJiS'3w.w}l6MC2uԯ|>JF5`fV5m`Y**Db1FKNttu]4ccsQNnex/87+}xaUW9y>ͯ骵G{䩓Գ3+vU}~jJ.NFRD7<aJDB1#ҳgSb,+CS?/ VG J?|?,2#M9}B)MiE+G`-wo߫V`fio(}S^4e~V4bHOYb"b#E)dda:'?}׮4繏`{7Z"uny-?ǹ;0MKx{:_pÚmFמ:F " .LFQLG)Q8qN q¯¯3wOvxDb\. BKD9_NN &L:4D{mm o^tֽ:q!ƥ}K+<"m78N< ywsard5+Š²z~mnG)=}lYݧNj'QJS{S :UYS-952?&O-:W}(!6Mk4+>A>j+i|<<|;ر^߉=HE|V#F)Emm#}/"y GII웻Jі94+v뾧xu~5C95~ūH>c@덉pʃ1/4-A2G%7>m;–Y,cyyaln" ?ƻ!ʪ<{~h~i y.zZB̃/,雋SiC/JFMmBH&&FAbϓO^tubbb_hZ{_QZ-sύodFgO(6]TJA˯#`۶ɟ( %$&+V'~hiYy>922 Wp74Zkq+Ovn錄c>8~GqܲcWꂎz@"1A.}T)uiW4="jJ2W7mU/N0gcqܗOO}?9/wìXžΏ0 >֩(V^Rh32!Hj5`;O28؇2#ݕf3 ?sJd8NJ@7O0 b־?lldщ̡&|9C.8RTWwxWy46ah嘦mh٤&l zCy!PY?: CJyв]dm4ǜҐR޻RլhX{FƯanшQI@x' ao(kUUuxW_Ñ줮[w8 FRJ(8˼)_mQ _!RJhm=!cVmm ?sFOnll6Qk}alY}; "baӌ~M0w,Ggw2W:G/k2%R,_=u`WU R.9T"v,<\Ik޽/2110Ӿxc0gyC&Ny޽JҢrV6N ``یeA16"J³+Rj*;BϜkZPJaÍ<Jyw:NP8/D$ 011z֊Ⱳ3ι֘k1V_"h!JPIΣ'ɜ* aEAd:ݺ>y<}Lp&PlRfTb1]o .2EW\ͮ]38؋rTJsǏP@芎sF\> P^+dYJLbJ C-xϐn> ι$nj,;Ǖa FU *择|h ~izť3ᤓ`K'-f tL7JK+vf2)V'-sFuB4i+m+@My=O҈0"|Yxoj,3]:cо3 $#uŘ%Y"y죯LebqtҢVzq¼X)~>4L׶m~[1_k?kxֺQ`\ |ٛY4Ѯr!)N9{56(iNq}O()Em]=F&u?$HypWUeB\k]JɩSع9 Zqg4ZĊo oMcjZBU]B\TUd34ݝ~:7ڶSUsB0Z3srx 7`:5xcx !qZA!;%͚7&P H<WL!džOb5kF)xor^aujƍ7 Ǡ8/p^(L>ὴ-B,{ۇWzֺ^k]3\EE@7>lYBȝR.oHnXO/}sB|.i@ɥDB4tcm,@ӣgdtJ!lH$_vN166L__'Z)y&kH;:,Y7=J 9cG) V\hjiE;gya~%ks_nC~Er er)muuMg2;֫R)Md) ,¶ 2-wr#F7<-BBn~_(o=KO㭇[Xv eN_SMgSҐ BS헃D%g_N:/pe -wkG*9yYSZS.9cREL !k}<4_Xs#FmҶ:7R$i,fi!~' # !6/S6y@kZkZcX)%5V4P]VGYq%H1!;e1MV<!ϐHO021Dp= HMs~~a)ަu7G^];git!Frl]H/L$=AeUvZE4P\.,xi {-~p?2b#amXAHq)MWǾI_r`S Hz&|{ +ʖ_= (YS(_g0a03M`I&'9vl?MM+m~}*xT۲(fY*V4x@29s{DaY"toGNTO+xCAO~4Ϳ;p`Ѫ:>Ҵ7K 3}+0 387x\)a"/E>qpWB=1 ¨"MP(\xp߫́A3+J] n[ʼnӼaTbZUWb={~2ooKױӰp(CS\S筐R*JغV&&"FA}J>G֐p1ٸbk7 ŘH$JoN <8s^yk_[;gy-;߉DV{c B yce% aJhDȶ 2IdйIB/^n0tNtџdcKj4϶v~- CBcgqx9= PJ) dMsjpYB] GD4RDWX +h{y`,3ꊕ$`zj*N^TP4L:Iz9~6s) Ga:?y*J~?OrMwP\](21sZUD ?ܟQ5Q%ggW6QdO+\@ ̪X'GxN @'4=ˋ+*VwN ne_|(/BDfj5(Dq<*tNt1х!MV.C0 32b#?n0pzj#!38}޴o1KovCJ`8ŗ_"]] rDUy޲@ Ȗ-;xџ'^Y`zEd?0„ DAL18IS]VGq\4o !swV7ˣι%4FѮ~}6)OgS[~Q vcYbL!wG3 7띸*E Pql8=jT\꘿I(z<[6OrR8ºC~ډ]=rNl[g|v TMTղb-o}OrP^Q]<98S¤!k)G(Vkwyqyr޽Nv`N/e p/~NAOk \I:G6]4+K;j$R:Mi #*[AȚT,ʰ,;N{HZTGMoּy) ]%dHء9Պ䠬|<45,\=[bƟ8QXeB3- &dҩ^{>/86bXmZ]]yޚN[(WAHL$YAgDKp=5GHjU&99v簪C0vygln*P)9^͞}lMuiH!̍#DoRBn9l@ xA/_v=ȺT{7Yt2N"4!YN`ae >Q<XMydEB`VU}u]嫇.%e^ánE87Mu\t`cP=AD/G)sI"@MP;)]%fH9'FNsj1pVhY&9=0pfuJ&gޤx+k:!r˭wkl03׼Ku C &ѓYt{.O.zҏ z}/tf_wEp2gvX)GN#I ݭ߽v/ .& и(ZF{e"=V!{zW`, ]+LGz"(UJp|j( #V4, 8B 0 9OkRrlɱl94)'VH9=9W|>PS['G(*I1==C<5"Pg+x'K5EMd؞Af8lG ?D FtoB[je?{k3zQ vZ;%Ɠ,]E>KZ+T/ EJxOZ1i #T<@ I}q9/t'zi(EMqw`mYkU6;[t4DPeckeM;H}_g pMww}k6#H㶏+b8雡Sxp)&C $@'b,fPߑt$RbJ'vznuS ~8='72_`{q纶|Q)Xk}cPz9p7O:'|G~8wx(a 0QCko|0ASD>Ip=4Q, d|F8RcU"/KM opKle M3#i0c%<7׿p&pZq[TR"BpqauIp$ 8~Ĩ!8Սx\ւdT>>Z40ks7 z2IQ}ItԀ<-%S⍤};zIb$I 5K}Q͙D8UguWE$Jh )cu4N tZl+[]M4k8֦Zeq֮M7uIqG 1==tLtR,ƜSrHYt&QP윯Lg' I,3@P'}'R˪e/%-Auv·ñ\> vDJzlӾNv5:|K/Jb6KI9)Zh*ZAi`?S {aiVDԲuy5W7pWeQJk֤#5&V<̺@/GH?^τZL|IJNvI:'P=Ϛt"¨=cud S Q.Ki0 !cJy;LJR;G{BJy޺[^8fK6)=yʊ+(k|&xQ2`L?Ȓ2@Mf 0C`6-%pKpm')c$׻K5[J*U[/#hH!6acB JA _|uMvDyk y)6OPYjœ50VT K}cǻP[ $:]4MEA.y)|B)cf-A?(e|lɉ#P9V)[9t.EiQPDѠ3ϴ;E:+Օ t ȥ~|_N2,ZJLt4! %ա]u {+=p.GhNcŞQI?Nd'yeh n7zi1DB)1S | S#ًZs2|Ɛy$F SxeX{7Vl.Src3E℃Q>b6G ўYCmtկ~=K0f(=LrAS GN'ɹ9<\!a`)֕y[uՍ[09` 9 +57ts6}b4{oqd+J5fa/,97J#6yν99mRWxJyѡyu_TJc`~W>l^q#Ts#2"nD1%fS)FU w{ܯ R{ ˎ󅃏џDsZSQS;LV;7 Od1&1n$ N /.q3~eNɪ]E#oM~}v֯FڦwyZ=<<>Xo稯lfMFV6p02|*=tV!c~]fa5Y^Q_WN|Vs 0ҘދU97OI'N2'8N֭fgg-}V%y]U4 峧p*91#9U kCac_AFңĪy뚇Y_AiuYyTTYЗ-(!JFLt›17uTozc. S;7A&&<ԋ5y;Ro+:' *eYJkWR[@F %SHWP 72k4 qLd'J "zB6{AC0ƁA6U.'F3:Ȅ(9ΜL;D]m8ڥ9}dU "v!;*13Rg^fJyShyy5auA?ɩGHRjo^]׽S)Fm\toy 4WQS@mE#%5ʈfFYDX ~D5Ϡ9tE9So_aU4?Ѽm%&c{n>.KW1Tlb}:j uGi(JgcYj0qn+>) %\!4{LaJso d||u//P_y7iRJ߬nHOy) l+@$($VFIQ9%EeKʈU. ia&FY̒mZ=)+qqoQn >L!qCiDB;Y<%} OgBxB!ØuG)WG9y(Ą{_yesuZmZZey'Wg#C~1Cev@0D $a@˲(.._GimA:uyw֬%;@!JkQVM_Ow:P.s\)ot- ˹"`B,e CRtaEUP<0'}r3[>?G8xU~Nqu;Wm8\RIkբ^5@k+5(By'L&'gBJ3ݶ!/㮻w҅ yqPWUg<e"Qy*167΃sJ\oz]T*UQ<\FԎ`HaNmڜ6DysCask8wP8y9``GJ9lF\G g's Nn͵MLN֪u$| /|7=]O)6s !ĴAKh]q_ap $HH'\1jB^s\|- W1:=6lJBqjY^LsPk""`]w)󭃈,(HC ?䔨Y$Sʣ{4Z+0NvQkhol6C.婧/u]FwiVjZka&%6\F*Ny#8O,22+|Db~d ~Çwc N:FuuCe&oZ(l;@ee-+Wn`44AMK➝2BRՈt7g*1gph9N) *"TF*R(#'88pm=}X]u[i7bEc|\~EMn}P瘊J)K.0i1M6=7'_\kaZ(Th{K*GJyytw"IO-PWJk)..axӝ47"89Cc7ĐBiZx 7m!fy|ϿF9CbȩV 9V-՛^pV̌ɄS#Bv4-@]Vxt-Z, &ֺ*diؠ2^VXbs֔Ìl.jQ]Y[47gj=幽ex)A0ip׳ W2[ᎇhuE^~q흙L} #-b۸oFJ_QP3r6jr+"nfzRJTUqoaۍ /$d8Mx'ݓ= OՃ| )$2mcM*cЙj}f };n YG w0Ia!1Q.oYfr]DyISaP}"dIӗթO67jqR ҊƐƈaɤGG|h;t]䗖oSv|iZqX)oalv;۩meEJ\!8=$4QU4Xo&VEĊ YS^E#d,yX_> ۘ-e\ "Wa6uLĜZi`aD9.% w~mB(02G[6y.773a7 /=o7D)$Z 66 $bY^\CuP. (x'"J60׿Y:Oi;F{w佩b+\Yi`TDWa~|VH)8q/=9!g߆2Y)?ND)%?Ǐ`k/sn:;O299yB=a[Ng 3˲N}vLNy;*?x?~L&=xyӴ~}q{qE*IQ^^ͧvü{Huu=R|>JyUlZV, B~/YF!Y\u_ݼF{_C)LD]m {H 0ihhadd nUkf3oٺCvE\)QJi+֥@tDJkB$1!Đr0XQ|q?d2) Ӣ_}qv-< FŊ߫%roppVBwü~JidY4:}L6M7f٬F "?71<2#?Jyy4뷢<_a7_=Q E=S1И/9{+93֮E{ǂw{))?maÆm(uLE#lïZ  ~d];+]h j?!|$F}*"4(v'8s<ŏUkm7^7no1w2ؗ}TrͿEk>p'8OB7d7R(A 9.*Mi^ͳ; eeUwS+C)uO@ =Sy]` }l8^ZzRXj[^iUɺ$tj))<sbDJfg=Pk_{xaKo1:-uyG0M ԃ\0Lvuy'ȱc2Ji AdyVgVh!{]/&}}ċJ#%d !+87<;qN޼Nفl|1N:8ya  8}k¾+-$4FiZYÔXk*I&'@iI99)HSh4+2G:tGhS^繿 Kتm0 вDk}֚+QT4;sC}rՅE,8CX-e~>G&'9xpW,%Fh,Ry56Y–hW-(v_,? ; qrBk4-V7HQ;ˇ^Gv1JVV%,ik;D_W!))+BoS4QsTM;gt+ndS-~:11Sgv!0qRVh!"Ȋ(̦Yl.]PQWgٳE'`%W1{ndΗBk|Ž7ʒR~,lnoa&:ü$ 3<a[CBݮwt"o\ePJ=Hz"_c^Z.#ˆ*x z̝grY]tdkP*:97YľXyBkD4N.C_[;F9`8& !AMO c `@BA& Ost\-\NX+Xp < !bj3C&QL+*&kAQ=04}cC!9~820G'PC9xa!w&bo_1 Sw"ܱ V )Yl3+ס2KoXOx]"`^WOy :3GO0g;%Yv㐫(R/r (s } u B &FeYZh0y> =2<Ϟc/ -u= c&׭,.0"g"7 6T!vl#sc>{u/Oh Bᾈ)۴74]x7 gMӒ"d]U)}" v4co[ ɡs 5Gg=XR14?5A}D "b{0$L .\4y{_fe:kVS\\O]c^W52LSBDM! C3Dhr̦RtArx4&agaN3Cf<Ԉp4~ B'"1@.b_/xQ} _߃҉/gٓ2Qkqp0շpZ2fԫYz< 4L.Cyυι1t@鎫Fe sYfsF}^ V}N<_`p)alٶ "(XEAVZ<)2},:Ir*#m_YӼ R%a||EƼIJ,,+f"96r/}0jE/)s)cjW#w'Sʯ5<66lj$a~3Kʛy 2:cZ:Yh))+a߭K::N,Q F'qB]={.]h85C9cr=}*rk?vwV렵ٸW Rs%}rNAkDv|uFLBkWY YkX מ|)1!$#3%y?pF<@<Rr0}: }\J [5FRxY<9"SQdE(Q*Qʻ)q1E0B_O24[U'],lOb ]~WjHޏTQ5Syu wq)xnw8~)c 쫬gٲߠ H% k5dƝk> kEj,0% b"vi2Wس_CuK)K{n|>t{P1򨾜j>'kEkƗBg*H%'_aY6Bn!TL&ɌOb{c`'d^{t\i^[uɐ[}q0lM˕G:‚4kb祔c^:?bpg… +37stH:0}en6x˟%/<]BL&* 5&fK9Mq)/iyqtA%kUe[ڛKN]Ě^,"`/ s[EQQm?|XJ߅92m]G.E΃ח U*Cn.j_)Tѧj̿30ڇ!A0=͜ar I3$C^-9#|pk!)?7.x9 @OO;WƝZBFU keZ75F6Tc6"ZȚs2y/1 ʵ:u4xa`C>6Rb/Yм)^=+~uRd`/|_8xbB0?Ft||Z\##|K 0>>zxv8۴吅q 8ĥ)"6>~\8:qM}#͚'ĉ#p\׶ l#bA?)|g g9|8jP(cr,BwV (WliVxxᡁ@0Okn;ɥh$_ckCgriv}>=wGzβ KkBɛ[˪ !J)h&k2%07δt}!d<9;I&0wV/ v 0<H}L&8ob%Hi|޶o&h1L|u֦y~󛱢8fٲUsւ)0oiFx2}X[zVYr_;N(w]_4B@OanC?gĦx>мgx>ΛToZoOMp>40>V Oy V9iq!4 LN,ˢu{jsz]|"R޻&'ƚ{53ўFu(<٪9:΋]B;)B>1::8;~)Yt|0(pw2N%&X,URBK)3\zz&}ax4;ǟ(tLNg{N|Ǽ\G#C9g$^\}p?556]/RP.90 k,U8/u776s ʪ_01چ|\N 0VV*3H鴃J7iI!wG_^ypl}r*jɤSR 5QN@ iZ#1ٰy;_\3\BQQ x:WJv츟ٯ$"@6 S#qe딇(/P( Dy~TOϻ<4:-+F`0||;Xl-"uw$Цi󼕝mKʩorz"mϺ$F:~E'ҐvD\y?Rr8_He@ e~O,T.(ފR*cY^m|cVR[8 JҡSm!ΆԨb)RHG{?MpqrmN>߶Y)\p,d#xۆWY*,l6]v0h15M˙MS8+EdI='LBJIH7_9{Caз*Lq,dt >+~ّeʏ?xԕ4bBAŚjﵫ!'\Ը$WNvKO}ӽmSşذqsOy?\[,d@'73'j%kOe`1.g2"e =YIzS2|zŐƄa\U,dP;jhhhaxǶ?КZ՚.q SE+XrbOu%\GتX(H,N^~]JyEZQKceTQ]VGYqnah;y$cQahT&QPZ*iZ8UQQM.qo/T\7X"u?Mttl2Xq(IoW{R^ ux*SYJ! 4S.Jy~ BROS[V|žKNɛP(L6V^|cR7i7nZW1Fd@ Ara{詑|(T*dN]Ko?s=@ |_EvF]׍kR)eBJc" MUUbY6`~V޴dJKß&~'d3i WWWWWW

F1l3 Manager

Current Directory: /usr/share/doc/python-docs-2.7.5/html/library
/usr/share/doc/python-docs-2.7.5/html/library/
Viewing File: /usr/share/doc/python-docs-2.7.5/html/library/rfc822.html
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>18.11. rfc822 — Parse RFC 2822 mail headers &mdash; Python 2.7.5 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/default.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript"> var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = { URL_ROOT: '../', VERSION: '2.7.5', COLLAPSE_INDEX: false, FILE_SUFFIX: '.html', HAS_SOURCE: true }; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.5 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="top" title="Python 2.7.5 documentation" href="../index.html" /> <link rel="up" title="18. Internet Data Handling" href="netdata.html" /> <link rel="next" title="18.12. base64 — RFC 3548: Base16, Base32, Base64 Data Encodings" href="base64.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="18.10. multifile — Support for files containing distinct parts" href="multifile.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head> <body> <div class="related"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="base64.html" title="18.12. base64 — RFC 3548: Base16, Base32, Base64 Data Encodings" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="multifile.html" title="18.10. multifile — Support for files containing distinct parts" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a> &raquo;</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.5 documentation</a> &raquo; </li> <li><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> &raquo;</li> <li><a href="netdata.html" accesskey="U">18. Internet Data Handling</a> &raquo;</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body"> <div class="section" id="module-rfc822"> <span id="rfc822-parse-rfc-2822-mail-headers"></span><h1>18.11. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-rfc822" title="rfc822: Parse 2822 style mail messages. (deprecated)"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">rfc822</span></tt></a> &#8212; Parse RFC 2822 mail headers<a class="headerlink" href="#module-rfc822" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p class="deprecated"> <span class="versionmodified">Deprecated since version 2.3: </span>The <a class="reference internal" href="email.html#module-email" title="email: Package supporting the parsing, manipulating, and generating email messages, including MIME documents."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">email</span></tt></a> package should be used in preference to the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-rfc822" title="rfc822: Parse 2822 style mail messages. (deprecated)"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">rfc822</span></tt></a> module. This module is present only to maintain backward compatibility, and has been removed in Python 3.</p> <p>This module defines a class, <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.Message" title="rfc822.Message"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Message</span></tt></a>, which represents an &#8220;email message&#8221; as defined by the Internet standard <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html"><strong>RFC 2822</strong></a>. <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id4" id="id1">[1]</a> Such messages consist of a collection of message headers, and a message body. This module also defines a helper class <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.AddressList" title="rfc822.AddressList"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">AddressList</span></tt></a> for parsing <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html"><strong>RFC 2822</strong></a> addresses. Please refer to the RFC for information on the specific syntax of <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html"><strong>RFC 2822</strong></a> messages.</p> <p id="index-3">The <a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#module-mailbox" title="mailbox: Manipulate mailboxes in various formats"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">mailbox</span></tt></a> module provides classes to read mailboxes produced by various end-user mail programs.</p> <dl class="class"> <dt id="rfc822.Message"> <em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">rfc822.</tt><tt class="descname">Message</tt><big>(</big><em>file</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>seekable</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>A <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.Message" title="rfc822.Message"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Message</span></tt></a> instance is instantiated with an input object as parameter. Message relies only on the input object having a <a class="reference internal" href="readline.html#module-readline" title="readline: GNU readline support for Python. (Unix)"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">readline()</span></tt></a> method; in particular, ordinary file objects qualify. Instantiation reads headers from the input object up to a delimiter line (normally a blank line) and stores them in the instance. The message body, following the headers, is not consumed.</p> <p>This class can work with any input object that supports a <a class="reference internal" href="readline.html#module-readline" title="readline: GNU readline support for Python. (Unix)"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">readline()</span></tt></a> method. If the input object has seek and tell capability, the <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.Message.rewindbody" title="rfc822.Message.rewindbody"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">rewindbody()</span></tt></a> method will work; also, illegal lines will be pushed back onto the input stream. If the input object lacks seek but has an <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">unread()</span></tt> method that can push back a line of input, <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.Message" title="rfc822.Message"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Message</span></tt></a> will use that to push back illegal lines. Thus this class can be used to parse messages coming from a buffered stream.</p> <p>The optional <em>seekable</em> argument is provided as a workaround for certain stdio libraries in which <tt class="xref c c-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">tell()</span></tt> discards buffered data before discovering that the <tt class="xref c c-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">lseek()</span></tt> system call doesn&#8217;t work. For maximum portability, you should set the seekable argument to zero to prevent that initial <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">tell()</span></tt> when passing in an unseekable object such as a file object created from a socket object.</p> <p>Input lines as read from the file may either be terminated by CR-LF or by a single linefeed; a terminating CR-LF is replaced by a single linefeed before the line is stored.</p> <p>All header matching is done independent of upper or lower case; e.g. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">m['From']</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">m['from']</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">m['FROM']</span></tt> all yield the same result.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="rfc822.AddressList"> <em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">rfc822.</tt><tt class="descname">AddressList</tt><big>(</big><em>field</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.AddressList" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>You may instantiate the <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.AddressList" title="rfc822.AddressList"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">AddressList</span></tt></a> helper class using a single string parameter, a comma-separated list of <span class="target" id="index-4"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html"><strong>RFC 2822</strong></a> addresses to be parsed. (The parameter <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> yields an empty list.)</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="rfc822.quote"> <tt class="descclassname">rfc822.</tt><tt class="descname">quote</tt><big>(</big><em>str</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.quote" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a new string with backslashes in <em>str</em> replaced by two backslashes and double quotes replaced by backslash-double quote.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="rfc822.unquote"> <tt class="descclassname">rfc822.</tt><tt class="descname">unquote</tt><big>(</big><em>str</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.unquote" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a new string which is an <em>unquoted</em> version of <em>str</em>. If <em>str</em> ends and begins with double quotes, they are stripped off. Likewise if <em>str</em> ends and begins with angle brackets, they are stripped off.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="rfc822.parseaddr"> <tt class="descclassname">rfc822.</tt><tt class="descname">parseaddr</tt><big>(</big><em>address</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.parseaddr" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Parse <em>address</em>, which should be the value of some address-containing field such as <em class="mailheader">To</em> or <em class="mailheader">Cc</em>, into its constituent &#8220;realname&#8221; and &#8220;email address&#8221; parts. Returns a tuple of that information, unless the parse fails, in which case a 2-tuple <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(None,</span> <span class="pre">None)</span></tt> is returned.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="rfc822.dump_address_pair"> <tt class="descclassname">rfc822.</tt><tt class="descname">dump_address_pair</tt><big>(</big><em>pair</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.dump_address_pair" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The inverse of <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.parseaddr" title="rfc822.parseaddr"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">parseaddr()</span></tt></a>, this takes a 2-tuple of the form <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(realname,</span> <span class="pre">email_address)</span></tt> and returns the string value suitable for a <em class="mailheader">To</em> or <em class="mailheader">Cc</em> header. If the first element of <em>pair</em> is false, then the second element is returned unmodified.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="rfc822.parsedate"> <tt class="descclassname">rfc822.</tt><tt class="descname">parsedate</tt><big>(</big><em>date</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.parsedate" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Attempts to parse a date according to the rules in <span class="target" id="index-5"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html"><strong>RFC 2822</strong></a>. however, some mailers don&#8217;t follow that format as specified, so <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.parsedate" title="rfc822.parsedate"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">parsedate()</span></tt></a> tries to guess correctly in such cases. <em>date</em> is a string containing an <span class="target" id="index-6"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html"><strong>RFC 2822</strong></a> date, such as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'Mon,</span> <span class="pre">20</span> <span class="pre">Nov</span> <span class="pre">1995</span> <span class="pre">19:12:08</span> <span class="pre">-0500'</span></tt>. If it succeeds in parsing the date, <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.parsedate" title="rfc822.parsedate"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">parsedate()</span></tt></a> returns a 9-tuple that can be passed directly to <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.mktime" title="time.mktime"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">time.mktime()</span></tt></a>; otherwise <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> will be returned. Note that indexes 6, 7, and 8 of the result tuple are not usable.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="rfc822.parsedate_tz"> <tt class="descclassname">rfc822.</tt><tt class="descname">parsedate_tz</tt><big>(</big><em>date</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.parsedate_tz" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Performs the same function as <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.parsedate" title="rfc822.parsedate"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">parsedate()</span></tt></a>, but returns either <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> or a 10-tuple; the first 9 elements make up a tuple that can be passed directly to <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.mktime" title="time.mktime"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">time.mktime()</span></tt></a>, and the tenth is the offset of the date&#8217;s timezone from UTC (which is the official term for Greenwich Mean Time). (Note that the sign of the timezone offset is the opposite of the sign of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">time.timezone</span></tt> variable for the same timezone; the latter variable follows the POSIX standard while this module follows <span class="target" id="index-7"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html"><strong>RFC 2822</strong></a>.) If the input string has no timezone, the last element of the tuple returned is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>. Note that indexes 6, 7, and 8 of the result tuple are not usable.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="rfc822.mktime_tz"> <tt class="descclassname">rfc822.</tt><tt class="descname">mktime_tz</tt><big>(</big><em>tuple</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.mktime_tz" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Turn a 10-tuple as returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.parsedate_tz" title="rfc822.parsedate_tz"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">parsedate_tz()</span></tt></a> into a UTC timestamp. If the timezone item in the tuple is <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>, assume local time. Minor deficiency: this first interprets the first 8 elements as a local time and then compensates for the timezone difference; this may yield a slight error around daylight savings time switch dates. Not enough to worry about for common use.</p> </dd></dl> <div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso"> <p class="first admonition-title">See also</p> <dl class="last docutils"> <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="email.html#module-email" title="email: Package supporting the parsing, manipulating, and generating email messages, including MIME documents."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">email</span></tt></a></dt> <dd>Comprehensive email handling package; supersedes the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-rfc822" title="rfc822: Parse 2822 style mail messages. (deprecated)"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">rfc822</span></tt></a> module.</dd> <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#module-mailbox" title="mailbox: Manipulate mailboxes in various formats"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">mailbox</span></tt></a></dt> <dd>Classes to read various mailbox formats produced by end-user mail programs.</dd> <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="mimetools.html#module-mimetools" title="mimetools: Tools for parsing MIME-style message bodies. (deprecated)"><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">mimetools</span></tt></a></dt> <dd>Subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.Message" title="rfc822.Message"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">rfc822.Message</span></tt></a> that handles MIME encoded messages.</dd> </dl> </div> <div class="section" id="message-objects"> <span id="id2"></span><h2>18.11.1. Message Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#message-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>A <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.Message" title="rfc822.Message"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Message</span></tt></a> instance has the following methods:</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="rfc822.Message.rewindbody"> <tt class="descclassname">Message.</tt><tt class="descname">rewindbody</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.rewindbody" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Seek to the start of the message body. This only works if the file object is seekable.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="rfc822.Message.isheader"> <tt class="descclassname">Message.</tt><tt class="descname">isheader</tt><big>(</big><em>line</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.isheader" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Returns a line&#8217;s canonicalized fieldname (the dictionary key that will be used to index it) if the line is a legal <span class="target" id="index-8"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html"><strong>RFC 2822</strong></a> header; otherwise returns <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> (implying that parsing should stop here and the line be pushed back on the input stream). It is sometimes useful to override this method in a subclass.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="rfc822.Message.islast"> <tt class="descclassname">Message.</tt><tt class="descname">islast</tt><big>(</big><em>line</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.islast" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return true if the given line is a delimiter on which Message should stop. The delimiter line is consumed, and the file object&#8217;s read location positioned immediately after it. By default this method just checks that the line is blank, but you can override it in a subclass.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="rfc822.Message.iscomment"> <tt class="descclassname">Message.</tt><tt class="descname">iscomment</tt><big>(</big><em>line</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.iscomment" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">True</span></tt> if the given line should be ignored entirely, just skipped. By default this is a stub that always returns <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">False</span></tt>, but you can override it in a subclass.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="rfc822.Message.getallmatchingheaders"> <tt class="descclassname">Message.</tt><tt class="descname">getallmatchingheaders</tt><big>(</big><em>name</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.getallmatchingheaders" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a list of lines consisting of all headers matching <em>name</em>, if any. Each physical line, whether it is a continuation line or not, is a separate list item. Return the empty list if no header matches <em>name</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="rfc822.Message.getfirstmatchingheader"> <tt class="descclassname">Message.</tt><tt class="descname">getfirstmatchingheader</tt><big>(</big><em>name</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.getfirstmatchingheader" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a list of lines comprising the first header matching <em>name</em>, and its continuation line(s), if any. Return <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> if there is no header matching <em>name</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="rfc822.Message.getrawheader"> <tt class="descclassname">Message.</tt><tt class="descname">getrawheader</tt><big>(</big><em>name</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.getrawheader" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a single string consisting of the text after the colon in the first header matching <em>name</em>. This includes leading whitespace, the trailing linefeed, and internal linefeeds and whitespace if there any continuation line(s) were present. Return <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> if there is no header matching <em>name</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="rfc822.Message.getheader"> <tt class="descclassname">Message.</tt><tt class="descname">getheader</tt><big>(</big><em>name</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>default</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.getheader" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a single string consisting of the last header matching <em>name</em>, but strip leading and trailing whitespace. Internal whitespace is not stripped. The optional <em>default</em> argument can be used to specify a different default to be returned when there is no header matching <em>name</em>; it defaults to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>. This is the preferred way to get parsed headers.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="rfc822.Message.get"> <tt class="descclassname">Message.</tt><tt class="descname">get</tt><big>(</big><em>name</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>default</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.get" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>An alias for <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.Message.getheader" title="rfc822.Message.getheader"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">getheader()</span></tt></a>, to make the interface more compatible with regular dictionaries.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="rfc822.Message.getaddr"> <tt class="descclassname">Message.</tt><tt class="descname">getaddr</tt><big>(</big><em>name</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.getaddr" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a pair <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(full</span> <span class="pre">name,</span> <span class="pre">email</span> <span class="pre">address)</span></tt> parsed from the string returned by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">getheader(name)</span></tt>. If no header matching <em>name</em> exists, return <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(None,</span> <span class="pre">None)</span></tt>; otherwise both the full name and the address are (possibly empty) strings.</p> <p>Example: If <em>m</em>&#8216;s first <em class="mailheader">From</em> header contains the string <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'jack&#64;cwi.nl</span> <span class="pre">(Jack</span> <span class="pre">Jansen)'</span></tt>, then <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">m.getaddr('From')</span></tt> will yield the pair <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">('Jack</span> <span class="pre">Jansen',</span> <span class="pre">'jack&#64;cwi.nl')</span></tt>. If the header contained <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'Jack</span> <span class="pre">Jansen</span> <span class="pre">&lt;jack&#64;cwi.nl&gt;'</span></tt> instead, it would yield the exact same result.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="rfc822.Message.getaddrlist"> <tt class="descclassname">Message.</tt><tt class="descname">getaddrlist</tt><big>(</big><em>name</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.getaddrlist" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This is similar to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">getaddr(list)</span></tt>, but parses a header containing a list of email addresses (e.g. a <em class="mailheader">To</em> header) and returns a list of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(full</span> <span class="pre">name,</span> <span class="pre">email</span> <span class="pre">address)</span></tt> pairs (even if there was only one address in the header). If there is no header matching <em>name</em>, return an empty list.</p> <p>If multiple headers exist that match the named header (e.g. if there are several <em class="mailheader">Cc</em> headers), all are parsed for addresses. Any continuation lines the named headers contain are also parsed.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="rfc822.Message.getdate"> <tt class="descclassname">Message.</tt><tt class="descname">getdate</tt><big>(</big><em>name</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.getdate" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Retrieve a header using <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.Message.getheader" title="rfc822.Message.getheader"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">getheader()</span></tt></a> and parse it into a 9-tuple compatible with <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.mktime" title="time.mktime"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">time.mktime()</span></tt></a>; note that fields 6, 7, and 8 are not usable. If there is no header matching <em>name</em>, or it is unparsable, return <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>.</p> <p>Date parsing appears to be a black art, and not all mailers adhere to the standard. While it has been tested and found correct on a large collection of email from many sources, it is still possible that this function may occasionally yield an incorrect result.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="rfc822.Message.getdate_tz"> <tt class="descclassname">Message.</tt><tt class="descname">getdate_tz</tt><big>(</big><em>name</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.getdate_tz" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Retrieve a header using <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.Message.getheader" title="rfc822.Message.getheader"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">getheader()</span></tt></a> and parse it into a 10-tuple; the first 9 elements will make a tuple compatible with <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.mktime" title="time.mktime"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">time.mktime()</span></tt></a>, and the 10th is a number giving the offset of the date&#8217;s timezone from UTC. Note that fields 6, 7, and 8 are not usable. Similarly to <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.Message.getdate" title="rfc822.Message.getdate"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">getdate()</span></tt></a>, if there is no header matching <em>name</em>, or it is unparsable, return <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt>.</p> </dd></dl> <p><a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.Message" title="rfc822.Message"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Message</span></tt></a> instances also support a limited mapping interface. In particular: <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">m[name]</span></tt> is like <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">m.getheader(name)</span></tt> but raises <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#exceptions.KeyError" title="exceptions.KeyError"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></tt></a> if there is no matching header; and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">len(m)</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">m.get(name[,</span> <span class="pre">default])</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">name</span> <span class="pre">in</span> <span class="pre">m</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">m.keys()</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">m.values()</span></tt> <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">m.items()</span></tt>, and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">m.setdefault(name[,</span> <span class="pre">default])</span></tt> act as expected, with the one difference that <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">setdefault()</span></tt> uses an empty string as the default value. <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.Message" title="rfc822.Message"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Message</span></tt></a> instances also support the mapping writable interface <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">m[name]</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">value</span></tt> and <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">del</span> <span class="pre">m[name]</span></tt>. <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.Message" title="rfc822.Message"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Message</span></tt></a> objects do not support the <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">clear()</span></tt>, <a class="reference internal" href="copy.html#module-copy" title="copy: Shallow and deep copy operations."><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">copy()</span></tt></a>, <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">popitem()</span></tt>, or <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">update()</span></tt> methods of the mapping interface. (Support for <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">get()</span></tt> and <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">setdefault()</span></tt> was only added in Python 2.2.)</p> <p>Finally, <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.Message" title="rfc822.Message"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Message</span></tt></a> instances have some public instance variables:</p> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="rfc822.Message.headers"> <tt class="descclassname">Message.</tt><tt class="descname">headers</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.headers" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>A list containing the entire set of header lines, in the order in which they were read (except that setitem calls may disturb this order). Each line contains a trailing newline. The blank line terminating the headers is not contained in the list.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="rfc822.Message.fp"> <tt class="descclassname">Message.</tt><tt class="descname">fp</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.fp" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The file or file-like object passed at instantiation time. This can be used to read the message content.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="rfc822.Message.unixfrom"> <tt class="descclassname">Message.</tt><tt class="descname">unixfrom</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.unixfrom" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The Unix <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">From</span></tt> line, if the message had one, or an empty string. This is needed to regenerate the message in some contexts, such as an <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mbox</span></tt>-style mailbox file.</p> </dd></dl> </div> <div class="section" id="addresslist-objects"> <span id="id3"></span><h2>18.11.2. AddressList Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#addresslist-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>An <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.AddressList" title="rfc822.AddressList"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">AddressList</span></tt></a> instance has the following methods:</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="rfc822.AddressList.__len__"> <tt class="descclassname">AddressList.</tt><tt class="descname">__len__</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.AddressList.__len__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the number of addresses in the address list.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="rfc822.AddressList.__str__"> <tt class="descclassname">AddressList.</tt><tt class="descname">__str__</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.AddressList.__str__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a canonicalized string representation of the address list. Addresses are rendered in &#8220;name&#8221; &lt;<a class="reference external" href="mailto:host&#37;&#52;&#48;domain">host<span>&#64;</span>domain</a>&gt; form, comma-separated.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="rfc822.AddressList.__add__"> <tt class="descclassname">AddressList.</tt><tt class="descname">__add__</tt><big>(</big><em>alist</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.AddressList.__add__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a new <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.AddressList" title="rfc822.AddressList"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">AddressList</span></tt></a> instance that contains all addresses in both <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.AddressList" title="rfc822.AddressList"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">AddressList</span></tt></a> operands, with duplicates removed (set union).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="rfc822.AddressList.__iadd__"> <tt class="descclassname">AddressList.</tt><tt class="descname">__iadd__</tt><big>(</big><em>alist</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.AddressList.__iadd__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>In-place version of <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.AddressList.__add__" title="rfc822.AddressList.__add__"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">__add__()</span></tt></a>; turns this <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.AddressList" title="rfc822.AddressList"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">AddressList</span></tt></a> instance into the union of itself and the right-hand instance, <em>alist</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="rfc822.AddressList.__sub__"> <tt class="descclassname">AddressList.</tt><tt class="descname">__sub__</tt><big>(</big><em>alist</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.AddressList.__sub__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a new <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.AddressList" title="rfc822.AddressList"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">AddressList</span></tt></a> instance that contains every address in the left-hand <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.AddressList" title="rfc822.AddressList"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">AddressList</span></tt></a> operand that is not present in the right-hand address operand (set difference).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="rfc822.AddressList.__isub__"> <tt class="descclassname">AddressList.</tt><tt class="descname">__isub__</tt><big>(</big><em>alist</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.AddressList.__isub__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>In-place version of <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.AddressList.__sub__" title="rfc822.AddressList.__sub__"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">__sub__()</span></tt></a>, removing addresses in this list which are also in <em>alist</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <p>Finally, <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.AddressList" title="rfc822.AddressList"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">AddressList</span></tt></a> instances have one public instance variable:</p> <dl class="attribute"> <dt id="rfc822.AddressList.addresslist"> <tt class="descclassname">AddressList.</tt><tt class="descname">addresslist</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.AddressList.addresslist" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>A list of tuple string pairs, one per address. In each member, the first is the canonicalized name part, the second is the actual route-address (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">'&#64;'</span></tt>-separated username-host.domain pair).</p> </dd></dl> <p class="rubric">Footnotes</p> <table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="id4" rules="none"> <colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup> <tbody valign="top"> <tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id1">[1]</a></td><td>This module originally conformed to <span class="target" id="index-9"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822.html"><strong>RFC 822</strong></a>, hence the name. Since then, <span class="target" id="index-10"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html"><strong>RFC 2822</strong></a> has been released as an update to <span class="target" id="index-11"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822.html"><strong>RFC 822</strong></a>. This module should be considered <span class="target" id="index-12"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html"><strong>RFC 2822</strong></a>-conformant, especially in cases where the syntax or semantics have changed since <span class="target" id="index-13"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822.html"><strong>RFC 822</strong></a>.</td></tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">18.11. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">rfc822</span></tt> &#8212; Parse RFC 2822 mail headers</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#message-objects">18.11.1. Message Objects</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#addresslist-objects">18.11.2. AddressList Objects</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="multifile.html" title="previous chapter">18.10. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">multifile</span></tt> &#8212; Support for files containing distinct parts</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="base64.html" title="next chapter">18.12. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">base64</span></tt> &#8212; RFC 3548: Base16, Base32, Base64 Data Encodings</a></p> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../bugs.html">Report a Bug</a></li> <li><a href="../_sources/library/rfc822.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none"> <h3>Quick search</h3> <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> <p class="searchtip" style="font-size: 90%"> Enter search terms or a module, class or function name. </p> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="base64.html" title="18.12. base64 — RFC 3548: Base16, Base32, Base64 Data Encodings" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="multifile.html" title="18.10. multifile — Support for files containing distinct parts" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="http://www.python.org/">Python</a> &raquo;</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.5 documentation</a> &raquo; </li> <li><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> &raquo;</li> <li><a href="netdata.html" >18. Internet Data Handling</a> &raquo;</li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer"> &copy; <a href="../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 1990-2020, Python Software Foundation. <br /> The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. <a href="http://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a> <br /> Last updated on Oct 13, 2020. <a href="../bugs.html">Found a bug</a>? <br /> Created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a> 1.1.3. </div> </body> </html>
webs 1.0 - Enhanced UI