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Debugging and Profiling</a> &raquo;</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body"> <div class="section" id="module-bdb"> <span id="bdb-debugger-framework"></span><h1>26.1. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-bdb" title="bdb: Debugger framework."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">bdb</span></tt></a> &#8212; Debugger framework<a class="headerlink" href="#module-bdb" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="http://hg.python.org/cpython/file/2.7/Lib/bdb.py">Lib/bdb.py</a></p> <hr class="docutils" /> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-bdb" title="bdb: Debugger framework."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">bdb</span></tt></a> module handles basic debugger functions, like setting breakpoints or managing execution via the debugger.</p> <p>The following exception is defined:</p> <dl class="exception"> <dt id="bdb.BdbQuit"> <em class="property">exception </em><tt class="descclassname">bdb.</tt><tt class="descname">BdbQuit</tt><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.BdbQuit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Exception raised by the <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb" title="bdb.Bdb"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Bdb</span></tt></a> class for quitting the debugger.</p> </dd></dl> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-bdb" title="bdb: Debugger framework."><tt class="xref py py-mod docutils literal"><span class="pre">bdb</span></tt></a> module also defines two classes:</p> <dl class="class"> <dt id="bdb.Breakpoint"> <em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">bdb.</tt><tt class="descname">Breakpoint</tt><big>(</big><em>self</em>, <em>file</em>, <em>line</em>, <em>temporary=0</em>, <em>cond=None</em>, <em>funcname=None</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Breakpoint" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This class implements temporary breakpoints, ignore counts, disabling and (re-)enabling, and conditionals.</p> <p>Breakpoints are indexed by number through a list called <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">bpbynumber</span></tt> and by <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(file,</span> <span class="pre">line)</span></tt> pairs through <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">bplist</span></tt>. The former points to a single instance of class <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Breakpoint" title="bdb.Breakpoint"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Breakpoint</span></tt></a>. The latter points to a list of such instances since there may be more than one breakpoint per line.</p> <p>When creating a breakpoint, its associated filename should be in canonical form. If a <em>funcname</em> is defined, a breakpoint hit will be counted when the first line of that function is executed. A conditional breakpoint always counts a hit.</p> <p><a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Breakpoint" title="bdb.Breakpoint"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Breakpoint</span></tt></a> instances have the following methods:</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Breakpoint.deleteMe"> <tt class="descname">deleteMe</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Breakpoint.deleteMe" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Delete the breakpoint from the list associated to a file/line. If it is the last breakpoint in that position, it also deletes the entry for the file/line.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Breakpoint.enable"> <tt class="descname">enable</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Breakpoint.enable" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Mark the breakpoint as enabled.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Breakpoint.disable"> <tt class="descname">disable</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Breakpoint.disable" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Mark the breakpoint as disabled.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Breakpoint.pprint"> <tt class="descname">pprint</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>out</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Breakpoint.pprint" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Print all the information about the breakpoint:</p> <ul class="simple"> <li>The breakpoint number.</li> <li>If it is temporary or not.</li> <li>Its file,line position.</li> <li>The condition that causes a break.</li> <li>If it must be ignored the next N times.</li> <li>The breakpoint hit count.</li> </ul> </dd></dl> </dd></dl> <dl class="class"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb"> <em class="property">class </em><tt class="descclassname">bdb.</tt><tt class="descname">Bdb</tt><big>(</big><em>skip=None</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb" title="bdb.Bdb"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Bdb</span></tt></a> class acts as a generic Python debugger base class.</p> <p>This class takes care of the details of the trace facility; a derived class should implement user interaction. The standard debugger class (<a class="reference internal" href="pdb.html#pdb.Pdb" title="pdb.Pdb"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">pdb.Pdb</span></tt></a>) is an example.</p> <p>The <em>skip</em> argument, if given, must be an iterable of glob-style module name patterns. The debugger will not step into frames that originate in a module that matches one of these patterns. Whether a frame is considered to originate in a certain module is determined by the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">__name__</span></tt> in the frame globals.</p> <p class="versionadded"> <span class="versionmodified">New in version 2.7: </span>The <em>skip</em> argument.</p> <p>The following methods of <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb" title="bdb.Bdb"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Bdb</span></tt></a> normally don&#8217;t need to be overridden.</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.canonic"> <tt class="descname">canonic</tt><big>(</big><em>filename</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.canonic" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Auxiliary method for getting a filename in a canonical form, that is, as a case-normalized (on case-insensitive filesystems) absolute path, stripped of surrounding angle brackets.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.reset"> <tt class="descname">reset</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.reset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Set the <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">botframe</span></tt>, <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">stopframe</span></tt>, <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">returnframe</span></tt> and <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">quitting</span></tt> attributes with values ready to start debugging.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.trace_dispatch"> <tt class="descname">trace_dispatch</tt><big>(</big><em>frame</em>, <em>event</em>, <em>arg</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.trace_dispatch" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This function is installed as the trace function of debugged frames. Its return value is the new trace function (in most cases, that is, itself).</p> <p>The default implementation decides how to dispatch a frame, depending on the type of event (passed as a string) that is about to be executed. <em>event</em> can be one of the following:</p> <ul class="simple"> <li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;line&quot;</span></tt>: A new line of code is going to be executed.</li> <li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;call&quot;</span></tt>: A function is about to be called, or another code block entered.</li> <li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;return&quot;</span></tt>: A function or other code block is about to return.</li> <li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;exception&quot;</span></tt>: An exception has occurred.</li> <li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;c_call&quot;</span></tt>: A C function is about to be called.</li> <li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;c_return&quot;</span></tt>: A C function has returned.</li> <li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;c_exception&quot;</span></tt>: A C function has raised an exception.</li> </ul> <p>For the Python events, specialized functions (see below) are called. For the C events, no action is taken.</p> <p>The <em>arg</em> parameter depends on the previous event.</p> <p>See the documentation for <a class="reference internal" href="sys.html#sys.settrace" title="sys.settrace"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">sys.settrace()</span></tt></a> for more information on the trace function. For more information on code and frame objects, refer to <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#types"><em>The standard type hierarchy</em></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.dispatch_line"> <tt class="descname">dispatch_line</tt><big>(</big><em>frame</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.dispatch_line" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>If the debugger should stop on the current line, invoke the <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.user_line" title="bdb.Bdb.user_line"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">user_line()</span></tt></a> method (which should be overridden in subclasses). Raise a <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.BdbQuit" title="bdb.BdbQuit"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">BdbQuit</span></tt></a> exception if the <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">Bdb.quitting</span></tt> flag is set (which can be set from <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.user_line" title="bdb.Bdb.user_line"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">user_line()</span></tt></a>). Return a reference to the <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.trace_dispatch" title="bdb.Bdb.trace_dispatch"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">trace_dispatch()</span></tt></a> method for further tracing in that scope.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.dispatch_call"> <tt class="descname">dispatch_call</tt><big>(</big><em>frame</em>, <em>arg</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.dispatch_call" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>If the debugger should stop on this function call, invoke the <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.user_call" title="bdb.Bdb.user_call"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">user_call()</span></tt></a> method (which should be overridden in subclasses). Raise a <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.BdbQuit" title="bdb.BdbQuit"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">BdbQuit</span></tt></a> exception if the <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">Bdb.quitting</span></tt> flag is set (which can be set from <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.user_call" title="bdb.Bdb.user_call"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">user_call()</span></tt></a>). Return a reference to the <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.trace_dispatch" title="bdb.Bdb.trace_dispatch"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">trace_dispatch()</span></tt></a> method for further tracing in that scope.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.dispatch_return"> <tt class="descname">dispatch_return</tt><big>(</big><em>frame</em>, <em>arg</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.dispatch_return" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>If the debugger should stop on this function return, invoke the <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.user_return" title="bdb.Bdb.user_return"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">user_return()</span></tt></a> method (which should be overridden in subclasses). Raise a <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.BdbQuit" title="bdb.BdbQuit"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">BdbQuit</span></tt></a> exception if the <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">Bdb.quitting</span></tt> flag is set (which can be set from <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.user_return" title="bdb.Bdb.user_return"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">user_return()</span></tt></a>). Return a reference to the <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.trace_dispatch" title="bdb.Bdb.trace_dispatch"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">trace_dispatch()</span></tt></a> method for further tracing in that scope.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.dispatch_exception"> <tt class="descname">dispatch_exception</tt><big>(</big><em>frame</em>, <em>arg</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.dispatch_exception" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>If the debugger should stop at this exception, invokes the <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.user_exception" title="bdb.Bdb.user_exception"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">user_exception()</span></tt></a> method (which should be overridden in subclasses). Raise a <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.BdbQuit" title="bdb.BdbQuit"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">BdbQuit</span></tt></a> exception if the <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">Bdb.quitting</span></tt> flag is set (which can be set from <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.user_exception" title="bdb.Bdb.user_exception"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">user_exception()</span></tt></a>). Return a reference to the <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.trace_dispatch" title="bdb.Bdb.trace_dispatch"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">trace_dispatch()</span></tt></a> method for further tracing in that scope.</p> </dd></dl> <p>Normally derived classes don&#8217;t override the following methods, but they may if they want to redefine the definition of stopping and breakpoints.</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.stop_here"> <tt class="descname">stop_here</tt><big>(</big><em>frame</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.stop_here" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This method checks if the <em>frame</em> is somewhere below <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">botframe</span></tt> in the call stack. <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">botframe</span></tt> is the frame in which debugging started.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.break_here"> <tt class="descname">break_here</tt><big>(</big><em>frame</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.break_here" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This method checks if there is a breakpoint in the filename and line belonging to <em>frame</em> or, at least, in the current function. If the breakpoint is a temporary one, this method deletes it.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.break_anywhere"> <tt class="descname">break_anywhere</tt><big>(</big><em>frame</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.break_anywhere" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This method checks if there is a breakpoint in the filename of the current frame.</p> </dd></dl> <p>Derived classes should override these methods to gain control over debugger operation.</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.user_call"> <tt class="descname">user_call</tt><big>(</big><em>frame</em>, <em>argument_list</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.user_call" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This method is called from <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.dispatch_call" title="bdb.Bdb.dispatch_call"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">dispatch_call()</span></tt></a> when there is the possibility that a break might be necessary anywhere inside the called function.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.user_line"> <tt class="descname">user_line</tt><big>(</big><em>frame</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.user_line" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This method is called from <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.dispatch_line" title="bdb.Bdb.dispatch_line"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">dispatch_line()</span></tt></a> when either <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.stop_here" title="bdb.Bdb.stop_here"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">stop_here()</span></tt></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.break_here" title="bdb.Bdb.break_here"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">break_here()</span></tt></a> yields True.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.user_return"> <tt class="descname">user_return</tt><big>(</big><em>frame</em>, <em>return_value</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.user_return" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This method is called from <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.dispatch_return" title="bdb.Bdb.dispatch_return"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">dispatch_return()</span></tt></a> when <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.stop_here" title="bdb.Bdb.stop_here"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">stop_here()</span></tt></a> yields True.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.user_exception"> <tt class="descname">user_exception</tt><big>(</big><em>frame</em>, <em>exc_info</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.user_exception" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This method is called from <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.dispatch_exception" title="bdb.Bdb.dispatch_exception"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">dispatch_exception()</span></tt></a> when <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.stop_here" title="bdb.Bdb.stop_here"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">stop_here()</span></tt></a> yields True.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.do_clear"> <tt class="descname">do_clear</tt><big>(</big><em>arg</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.do_clear" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Handle how a breakpoint must be removed when it is a temporary one.</p> <p>This method must be implemented by derived classes.</p> </dd></dl> <p>Derived classes and clients can call the following methods to affect the stepping state.</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.set_step"> <tt class="descname">set_step</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.set_step" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Stop after one line of code.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.set_next"> <tt class="descname">set_next</tt><big>(</big><em>frame</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.set_next" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Stop on the next line in or below the given frame.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.set_return"> <tt class="descname">set_return</tt><big>(</big><em>frame</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.set_return" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Stop when returning from the given frame.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.set_until"> <tt class="descname">set_until</tt><big>(</big><em>frame</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.set_until" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Stop when the line with the line no greater than the current one is reached or when returning from current frame</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.set_trace"> <tt class="descname">set_trace</tt><big>(</big><span class="optional">[</span><em>frame</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.set_trace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Start debugging from <em>frame</em>. If <em>frame</em> is not specified, debugging starts from caller&#8217;s frame.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.set_continue"> <tt class="descname">set_continue</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.set_continue" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Stop only at breakpoints or when finished. If there are no breakpoints, set the system trace function to None.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.set_quit"> <tt class="descname">set_quit</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.set_quit" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Set the <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">quitting</span></tt> attribute to True. This raises <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.BdbQuit" title="bdb.BdbQuit"><tt class="xref py py-exc docutils literal"><span class="pre">BdbQuit</span></tt></a> in the next call to one of the <tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">dispatch_*()</span></tt> methods.</p> </dd></dl> <p>Derived classes and clients can call the following methods to manipulate breakpoints. These methods return a string containing an error message if something went wrong, or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">None</span></tt> if all is well.</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.set_break"> <tt class="descname">set_break</tt><big>(</big><em>filename</em>, <em>lineno</em>, <em>temporary=0</em>, <em>cond=None</em>, <em>funcname=None</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.set_break" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Set a new breakpoint. If the <em>lineno</em> line doesn&#8217;t exist for the <em>filename</em> passed as argument, return an error message. The <em>filename</em> should be in canonical form, as described in the <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.canonic" title="bdb.Bdb.canonic"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">canonic()</span></tt></a> method.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.clear_break"> <tt class="descname">clear_break</tt><big>(</big><em>filename</em>, <em>lineno</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.clear_break" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Delete the breakpoints in <em>filename</em> and <em>lineno</em>. If none were set, an error message is returned.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.clear_bpbynumber"> <tt class="descname">clear_bpbynumber</tt><big>(</big><em>arg</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.clear_bpbynumber" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Delete the breakpoint which has the index <em>arg</em> in the <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">Breakpoint.bpbynumber</span></tt>. If <em>arg</em> is not numeric or out of range, return an error message.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.clear_all_file_breaks"> <tt class="descname">clear_all_file_breaks</tt><big>(</big><em>filename</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.clear_all_file_breaks" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Delete all breakpoints in <em>filename</em>. If none were set, an error message is returned.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.clear_all_breaks"> <tt class="descname">clear_all_breaks</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.clear_all_breaks" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Delete all existing breakpoints.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.get_break"> <tt class="descname">get_break</tt><big>(</big><em>filename</em>, <em>lineno</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.get_break" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Check if there is a breakpoint for <em>lineno</em> of <em>filename</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.get_breaks"> <tt class="descname">get_breaks</tt><big>(</big><em>filename</em>, <em>lineno</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.get_breaks" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return all breakpoints for <em>lineno</em> in <em>filename</em>, or an empty list if none are set.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.get_file_breaks"> <tt class="descname">get_file_breaks</tt><big>(</big><em>filename</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.get_file_breaks" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return all breakpoints in <em>filename</em>, or an empty list if none are set.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.get_all_breaks"> <tt class="descname">get_all_breaks</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.get_all_breaks" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return all breakpoints that are set.</p> </dd></dl> <p>Derived classes and clients can call the following methods to get a data structure representing a stack trace.</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.get_stack"> <tt class="descname">get_stack</tt><big>(</big><em>f</em>, <em>t</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.get_stack" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Get a list of records for a frame and all higher (calling) and lower frames, and the size of the higher part.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.format_stack_entry"> <tt class="descname">format_stack_entry</tt><big>(</big><em>frame_lineno</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>lprefix=': '</em><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.format_stack_entry" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a string with information about a stack entry, identified by a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(frame,</span> <span class="pre">lineno)</span></tt> tuple:</p> <ul class="simple"> <li>The canonical form of the filename which contains the frame.</li> <li>The function name, or <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">&quot;&lt;lambda&gt;&quot;</span></tt>.</li> <li>The input arguments.</li> <li>The return value.</li> <li>The line of code (if it exists).</li> </ul> </dd></dl> <p>The following two methods can be called by clients to use a debugger to debug a <a class="reference internal" href="../glossary.html#term-statement"><em class="xref std std-term">statement</em></a>, given as a string.</p> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.run"> <tt class="descname">run</tt><big>(</big><em>cmd</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>globals</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>locals</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.run" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Debug a statement executed via the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/simple_stmts.html#exec"><tt class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal"><span class="pre">exec</span></tt></a> statement. <em>globals</em> defaults to <tt class="xref py py-attr docutils literal"><span class="pre">__main__.__dict__</span></tt>, <em>locals</em> defaults to <em>globals</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.runeval"> <tt class="descname">runeval</tt><big>(</big><em>expr</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>globals</em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em>locals</em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.runeval" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Debug an expression executed via the <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#eval" title="eval"><tt class="xref py py-func docutils literal"><span class="pre">eval()</span></tt></a> function. <em>globals</em> and <em>locals</em> have the same meaning as in <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.run" title="bdb.Bdb.run"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">run()</span></tt></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.runctx"> <tt class="descname">runctx</tt><big>(</big><em>cmd</em>, <em>globals</em>, <em>locals</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.runctx" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>For backwards compatibility. Calls the <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb.run" title="bdb.Bdb.run"><tt class="xref py py-meth docutils literal"><span class="pre">run()</span></tt></a> method.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="method"> <dt id="bdb.Bdb.runcall"> <tt class="descname">runcall</tt><big>(</big><em>func</em>, <em>*args</em>, <em>**kwds</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.Bdb.runcall" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Debug a single function call, and return its result.</p> </dd></dl> </dd></dl> <p>Finally, the module defines the following functions:</p> <dl class="function"> <dt id="bdb.checkfuncname"> <tt class="descclassname">bdb.</tt><tt class="descname">checkfuncname</tt><big>(</big><em>b</em>, <em>frame</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.checkfuncname" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Check whether we should break here, depending on the way the breakpoint <em>b</em> was set.</p> <p>If it was set via line number, it checks if <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">b.line</span></tt> is the same as the one in the frame also passed as argument. If the breakpoint was set via function name, we have to check we are in the right frame (the right function) and if we are in its first executable line.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="bdb.effective"> <tt class="descclassname">bdb.</tt><tt class="descname">effective</tt><big>(</big><em>file</em>, <em>line</em>, <em>frame</em><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.effective" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Determine if there is an effective (active) breakpoint at this line of code. Return a tuple of the breakpoint and a boolean that indicates if it is ok to delete a temporary breakpoint. Return <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">(None,</span> <span class="pre">None)</span></tt> if there is no matching breakpoint.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="bdb.set_trace"> <tt class="descclassname">bdb.</tt><tt class="descname">set_trace</tt><big>(</big><big>)</big><a class="headerlink" href="#bdb.set_trace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Start debugging with a <a class="reference internal" href="#bdb.Bdb" title="bdb.Bdb"><tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal"><span class="pre">Bdb</span></tt></a> instance from caller&#8217;s frame.</p> </dd></dl> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="debug.html" title="previous chapter">26. 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